简单说说何为之STL的内存管理Allocator

王明刚老师

简单说说何为之STL的内存管理Allocator

  1. 概述

  STL Allocator是STL的内存管理器,也是最低调的部分之一,你可能使用了3年stl,但却不知其为何物。

  STL标准如下介绍Allocator

  the STL includes some low-level mechanisms for allocating and deallocating memory. Allocators are very specialized, and you can safely ignore them for almost all purposes. Allocators encapsulate allocation and deallocation of memory. They provide a low-level interface that permits efficient allocation of many small objects; different allocator types represent different schemes for memory management.

  将其描述为空间配置器,理由是allocator可以将其它存储介质(例如硬盘)做为stl 容器的存储空间。由于内存是allocator管理的主要部分,因此,本文以STL内存管理为出发点介绍allocator。

  Allocator就在我们身边,通常使用STL的.方式:

  #include

  std::vectorArray(100);

  本质上,调用的是:

  #include

  std::vectorArray(100);

  std::allocator就是一个简单的Allocator

  2. 使用

  针对不同的应用场合,STL中实现了不同的Allocator,如下(gcc-3.4:http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~etsman/Docs/gcc-3.4-base/libstdc++/html/20_util/allocator.html):

  __gnu_cxx::new_allocatorSimply wraps ::operator new and ::operator .

  __gnu_cxx::malloc_allocatorSimply wraps malloc and free. There is also a hook for an out-of-memory handler

  __gnu_cxx::debug_allocatorA wrapper around an arbitrary allocator A. It passes on slightly increased size requests to A, and uses the extra memory to store size information.

  __gnu_cxx::__pool_allocA high-performance, single pool allocator. The reusable memory is shared among identical instantiations of this type.

  __gnu_cxx::__mt_allocA high-performance fixed-size allocatorthat was initially developed specifically to suit the needs of multi threaded applications

  __gnu_cxx::bitmap_allocato A high-performance allocator that uses a bit-map to keep track of the used and unused memory locations

  例如,在多线程环境下,可以使用:

  复制代码 代码如下:

  #include

  #include

  std::vectorArray(100);

  3.一个简单的Allocator实现

  我们可以实现自己的allocator

  复制代码 代码如下:

  #include

  template

  class my_allocator : public std::allocator

  {

  public:

  typedef std::allocatorbase_type;

  // 必须要重新定义

  template

  struct rebind

  {

  typedef my_allocatorother;

  };

  // 内存的分配与释放可以实现为自定义的算法

  pointer allocate(size_type count)

  {

  return (base_type::allocate(count));

  }

  void deallocate(pointer ptr, size_type count)

  {

  base_type::deallocate(ptr, count);

  }

  // 构造函数

  my_allocator()

  {}

  my_allocator(my_allocatorconst&)

  {}

  my_allocator& operator=(my_allocatorconst&)

  {

  return (*this);

  }

  template

  my_allocator(my_allocatorconst&)

  {}

  template

  my_allocator& operator=(my_allocatorconst&)

  {

  return (*this); }

  };