中考学习指导之英语语法怎么用

初中英语知识点：句型的相互转换

肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的相互转换：

1、有am, is, are的句子，

就划线部分提问(变特殊疑问句)

This is a book.

第一步：变一般疑问句 Is this a book?

第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词 Is this what ?

第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What is this?

2、没有am, is, are的句子，

肯定句变否定句：在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按顺序照抄动词用原形

肯定句变一般疑问句：在句首加do或者does并大写,其余照抄。注意：动词用原形

肯定句变特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问)：分3步骤

第一步：先变一般疑问句

第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分

第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。

注意：一定先变一般疑问句。但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时，语序不变，为"特殊疑问词(+主语)+陈述句"。

3、划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现。

非单三时用do，单三时用does

非单三：

肯定句：I like English.

一般疑问句：Do you like English?

否定句：I do not like English.

单三 ：

肯定句：He likes English.

一般疑问句：Does he like English?

否定句：He does not like English.

就划线部分提问：

I like English.

第一步：先变一般疑问句 Do you like English?

第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代替划线部分Do you like what?

第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首，并大写，其余按顺序照抄，省略划线部分。What do you like?

4、特殊：

①some变为any。如：

There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：

Would you like some orange juice?

与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

②and变为or。如：

I have a knife and a ruler.→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

③a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：

They have a lot of friends.(可数名词)→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词)

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

④already变为yet。如：

I have been there already.→I haven't been there yet.

肯定句的组织结构：

主系表：eg:I'm a girl.

主谓宾：She write a leter to him.

1.主语+系动词(be)+表语

2.主语+call +宾语+宾语补足语

3.主语+name +宾语+宾语补足语

4.主语+is called +宾语补足语

5.主语+is named +宾语

6.主语+regard +宾语+as +宾语被足语

7.主语+be +no (none)+other than (but)+表语

8.主语+be +nothing +else but (but,else than,less than)+表语

9.It is (was)+强调部分+that (who)+从句

10.主语+感觉动词+表语

11.主句+as if (as though)+从句

12.主语+be +said to be (so-called)+表语

13.主语+be,it is said，+表语

14.So far from being +表语，主语+谓语+其它

15.主语+be +more +表语+than +表语

16.主语+be +less +表语+than +表语

17.主语+be +表语+rather than +表语

18.主语+be +not so much +表语+as 表语

19.主语+be +either +表语+or +表语

20.Either +主语+or +主语+be +表语

初中英语语法： mean to doing/to do

mean to do　 打算、想

mean doing　意味着

I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.

我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。

To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.

赠加工资意味着增加购买力。

初中英语语法：be interested doing/to do

interested to do　　 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。

interested in doing　 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。

I shall be interested to know what happens.

我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)

I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?

我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗?　 (一种想法)

初中英语语法：be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do　不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕";

be afraid of doing　担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。

She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.

她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。

She was afraid to wake her husband.

她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。

She was afraid of waking her husband.

她生怕吵醒她丈夫。