鱼我所欲也英文

　　鱼我所欲也英文翻译

　　Fish Is What I Desire

　　Mengzi

　　Mencius says, “Fish is what I desire, and so are bear’s paws. If I cannot have them both, I would choose the latter and forsake the former.Life is what I desire, and so is righteousness. If I cannot have them both, I would choose the latter and forsake the former. To be sure, life is desirable, but I will not stick to it discreditably if something more precious is to be desired. I hate death, but I will not shun it when there is something more abhorrent than it. To make life one’s greatest desire, what one would not resort to if only he could preserve it? To make death one’s greatest abhorrence, what one would not do if only he could avert it? Hence there is something not to be resorted to even for the preservation of life and something not to be done even for the evasion of death. Therefore, that one would prefer righteousness to life and abhor iniquity more than death is not only the case with sages, but is also true of everybody. What makes the difference is that the former would on no account lose this inclination.

　　A morsel of food and a bowl of soup, however indispensable to his survival, would be rejected by a wanderer if given with indignities, and would be distained by a beggar if given with kicks. ” “Thousands of piculs of grain acquired as reward without paying regard to honor and justice — what good would they do to me? Just useful for building splendid houses, supporting wife and concubines, or for winning the gratitude of poor acquaintances? Previously I refused them, even setting death at defiance. Yet now I accept them for the sake of building splendid houses, supporting wife and concubines and winning the gratitude of poor acquaintances — could it be said to be reasonable? It is called being destitute of one’s inborn nature. ”

　　《鱼我所欲也》原文

　　鱼，我所欲也;熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼(jiān)，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也;义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼(jiān)，舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚于生者，故不为(wéi)苟(gǒu)得也;死亦我所恶(wù)，所恶(wù)有甚于死者，故患有所不辟(bì)也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生，则凡可以得生者何不用也?使人之所恶(wù)莫甚于死者，则凡可以辟(bì)患者何不为(wéi)也?由是则生而有不用也，由是则可以避(bì)患而有不为(wéi)也。是故所欲有甚于生者，所恶(wù)有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也，人皆有之，贤者能勿丧耳。

　　一箪(dān)食(shí)，一豆羹(gēng)，得之则生，弗(fú)得则死。呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受;蹴(cù)尔而与之，乞人不屑(xiè)也。

　　万钟则不辩礼义而受之，万钟于我何加焉!为(wèi)宫室之美，妻妾(qiè)之奉，所识穷乏者得(dé)我欤(yú)?乡(xiàng)为(wèi)身死而不受，今为(wèi)宫室之美为(wéi)之;乡为身死而不受，今为妻妾(qiè)之奉为(wéi)之;乡为身死而不受，今为(wèi)所识穷乏(fá)者得(dé)我而为(wéi)之;是亦不可以已乎?此之谓(wèi)失其本心。

　　出处

　　选自《孟子·告子上》(《十三经注疏》，中华书局1980年版)，题目是编者加的。中心论点 “生，亦我所欲也;义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。”或者是“舍生取义。”解题：孟子主张人性是善的，他认为人生而具有恻隐之心、羞恶之心、辞让之心、是非之心 只要不使这些善心丧失，就在道德方面具备“仁义理智”

　　注释

　　1.熊掌：熊的脚掌，古人认为是珍贵的食品。

　　2.得兼：同时获得。得：获得。

　　3.舍鱼而取熊掌者也：舍弃鱼肉而选择熊掌。取：选取。

　　舍生而取义者也：舍弃生命而选择正义。取：求取 义：正义，道义。

　　4.所欲有甚于生者：所想要的有比生命更重更要的。甚：超过; 于：比。

　　5.苟得：苟且取得。这里是“苟且偷生”的意思;或者是只为求利益，不择手段。

　　6.所恶：讨厌的(事物)。恶，憎恨，讨厌。

　　7.患：祸患，灾难。

　　8.辟：通“避”，躲避。下文同义。

　　9. 如使：假如，假使，下文“使”同义。

　　10. 凡可以得生者：一切可以得到生存的办法。者：……的办法。

　　11. 何不用也：什么手段不可用呢?

　　12.不为：不愿意这样做。

　　13.由是则生而有不用也：通过某种方法就可以得到生存，但是有人却不用它。由是，按照这种方法。是，指示代词，指某种办法。